David Grumett and Rachel Muers state that the Orthodox Christian Shechitah and Jewish Kosher methods of slaughter differ from the Muslim Halal (Dhabh) method in that they require the cut to "sever trachea, oesophagus and the jugular veins" as this method is believed to produce meat with minimal suffering to the animal. "The Christian methods of slaughter follow the Jewish way of draining the blood of the animal". With reference to medieval times, Jillian Williams states that "unlike the Jewish and Muslims methods of animal slaughter, which require the draining of the animal's blood, Christian slaughter practices did not usually specify the method of slaughter" though "the Christian method of preparation largely mirrored the slaughter methods of Jews and Muslims for large animals". The Armenian Apostolic Church, as with other Oriental Orthodox Churches, have rituals that "display obvious links with shechitah, Jewish kosher slaughter." Another Oriental Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, maintains Old Testament dietary restrictions. Slaughtering animals for food is often done in Ethiopia with the trinitarian formula. This is followed by prayer, in which Christians often pray to ask God to thank Him for and bless their food before consuming it at the time of eating meals, such as breakfast. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an Oriental Orthodox Christian denomination, washing one's hands is required before and after consuming food. All vegetables, fruits and nuts are allowed. ![]() Any other animal is considered unclean and not suitable for eating. They only eat meat of a herbivore with split hooves and birds without a crop and without webbed feet they also do not eat shellfish of any kind, and they only eat fish with scales. The Seventh-day Adventist Church follows the Old Testament's Mosaic Law on dietary restrictions, which is also the basis for the Jewish dietary laws. : 353 This stems from Peter the Apostle's vision of a sheet with animals, described in the Bible, in Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 10, when Saint Peter was told that "what God hath made clean, that call not thou common". In Nicene Christianity, including Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, and Reformed Christianity, there exist no dietary restrictions regarding specific animals that cannot be eaten. Denominational views Nicene Christianity Peter's vision of a sheet with animals, described in Acts 10 illustration from Henry Davenport Northrop's Treasures of the Bible, published 1894 The Council of Jerusalem instructed gentile Christians not to consume blood, food offered to idols, or the meat of strangled animals, since "the Law of Moses has been preached in every city from the earliest times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath." In Judaism, Jews are forbidden from consuming (amongst other things) any mammals except those with cloven hooves that chew their cud, shellfish (including all invertebrate seafood) and unscaled or finless fish, blood, food offered to idols, or the meat of animals not killed humanely with a sharp knife by a trained Jewish slaughterer or meat from a living animal The Seven Laws of Noah, which Jews believe all people, Jews and gentiles alike, must follow, also forbid consuming the meat of living animals. However, while liberating the Christian from this common dietary restriction, he did recommend using discernment, because it would be better to never eat any meat than to cause another Christian to stumble ( 1 Corinthians 8:4–13). Paul the Apostle, in a notable contrast, told the Christians in Corinth not to worry about eating food sacrificed to idols, since "an idol has no real existence" ( 1 Corinthians 8:4). The only dietary restrictions specified for Christians in the New Testament are to "abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from meat of strangled animals" ( Acts 15:29), teachings that the early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria and Origen, preached for believers to follow. A number of Christian denominations disallow alcohol consumption, but all Christian churches condemn drunkenness. ![]() There are various fasting periods, notably the liturgical season of Lent. Christians in the Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and Orthodox denominations traditionally observe Friday as a meat-free day (in mourning of the crucifixion of Jesus) many also fast and abstain from meat on Wednesday (in memory of the betrayal of Jesus). ![]() : 212 Some Christian denominations forbid certain foods during periods of fasting, which in some denominations may cover half the year and may exclude meat, fish, dairy products, and olive oil. The general dietary restrictions specified for Christians in the New Testament are to "abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from meat of strangled animals". Christian dietary laws vary between denominations.
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